听力技巧指导
常见听力解题技巧
一、事实细节题
在各种听力考试中对事实细节题的考查最多，常见的问题是5个“W”和1个“H”（即who,what,when,where,why,how）。
（一）提问“在哪儿”（Where-question）
对这类问题，学习者应注意对话或短文的关键词语，通过关键词语判断“地点”。一般情况下，试题常出现的地点有学校、商店、餐馆、车站、机场、医院、邮局等。下面列出其相关词。
【范例】听录音，找到合适的答案。
Q: Where does this conversation probably take place?
A.In a post office.
B.In a bank.
C.In a department store.
【听力原文】
M: May I help you?
W: Yes, I'd like to open an account. Besides, please cash these travellers' checks.
【答案】B
（二）提问“什么时候”（When-question）
关于这类问题，学习者要注意以下几点。
（1）根据表示时间的关联词来判断事件发生的时间，如before,after,then,until,later, immediately等。
（2）听清楚有关数字和数字之间的关系，然后进行简单的计算。例如：
The long distance bus from Jinan to Qingdao usually takes 4 hours,but yesterday it took me two hours more because of the heavy traffic.
Q: How long did it take him to get to Qingdao yesterday?
（3）掌握年、月、星期的表达方法。注意一些表示时间的词，如quarter,a couple of days,eve,dawn,day break等。
【范例】听录音，找到合适的答案。
Q: When is the clinic open in a week?
A.From Monday to Friday.
B.During the whole week.
C.On weekdays except Thursday.
【听力原文】
…
M: Well, yes. But what time is the clinic closed?
W: We start from 9 am and close at 7 pm on weekdays. We don't work at weekends.
M: I'd prefer a later time so that I can come along after work.
W: Then what about 6:15?
M: Well, that's fine.
【答案】A
（三）提问“哪个”/“谁”（Which/Who-question）
who常用来问说话人的身份，动作的执行者或接受者；which主要对某种具体的事物进行提问。这类问题难度不大，有时文中直接给出答案，有时可以根据相关信息判断。
【范例】听录音，找到合适的答案。
Q: Who is Mr. White?
A.A salesman.
B.A professor.
C.A repairman.
【听力原文】
M: My radio doesn't work. What do you think I should do?
W: Why don't you call Mr. White?
【答案】C
Q: Which is the quickest way to the airport?
A.By taxi.
B.By bus.
C.By underground.
【听力原文】
W: How can I get to the airport?
M: You can go there by underground, by bus or by taxi. The underground is quickest, but the bus is the cheapest.
【答案】C
（四）问原因（Why-question）
这类问题主要对“原因”进行提问，常与文中表示原因的句子形成因果关系，因此需要注意because,for,since,as,so that,to等引导的句子或短语。
【范例】听录音，找到合适的答案。
Q: Why did the man stay in hospital?
A.Because his left arm was broken.
B.Because he had a cold.
C.Because he drove too fast.
【听力原文】
W: Hi, Bob. Haven't seen you for ages. What's happened to you?
M: I have been in hospital.
W: Oh, sorry to hear that. But for what?
M: Er..., I had a car accident two weeks ago.
W: Really? So you were injured and treated in the hospital.
M: Yes. But luckily, only my left arm was broken. And I can move it now.
…
【答案】A
（五）问方式（How-question）
how主要提问年龄、距离、速度、价格、数量等以及说话人对事物的反应、动作的方式等。关于年龄、距离、速度等问题一般要进行简单的运算。学习者除了要听清楚数字外，还要注意百分数、倍数等数的数量词，如double,half,dozen,couple,thirty percent,three times,century等。
【范例】听录音，找到合适的答案。
Q: How old is the house?
A.30 years old.
B.More than 30 years old.
C.About 30 years old.
【听力原文】
…
M: How long have you lived here?
W: I've lived here since my son was born, and he's thirty.
M: Oh, that's quite a long time.
W: Yes, I moved here in 1967.
M: Then why do you want to sell it?
…
【答案】B
二、推理判断题
此类题是听力题中的难点，可以通过两种途径进行判断：一是充分利用各题仅有的5秒钟的停顿时间快速阅读选项，这样一来，在听录音时就更容易抓住重点；二是对所给的信息进行判断分析。
【范例】听录音，找到合适的答案。
Q: What did the man mean?
A.He quite agreed with the woman.
B.He enjoyed the lecture during the whole time.
C.The lecture was more than one hour long.
【听力原文】
W: The lecture this morning was so boring.
M: I'll say I had one eye on the clock the whole time.
【答案】A
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
A.The woman had a photo shop of her own.
B.The woman developed her photos all by herself.
C.The woman did part of her own film developing.
【听力原文】
M: Did you develop all your own film?
W: Only the black and white. I had a photo shop do my color pictures.
【答案】C
三、主旨大意题
对这类题型，抓住短文的前两句话特别重要，因为前两句话往往是主题句，即使不是主题句，也对理解全文有重要意义。
【范例】听录音，找到合适的答案。
Q: What is the speech mainly about?
A.Americans value time.
B.Americans are rich.
C.Americans work hard.
【听力原文】
Good morning, everybody. My topic for today is “How Americans Value Time”.
【答案】A
常见听力试题类型
一、句子理解题
（一）听句子，选出句子中所包含的单词
解答此类题时，需要掌握以下技巧。
1.听录音前，仔细观察选项内容，找出它们之间的共同点或不同点，预测录音内容。
2.听录音时，抓住录音中的关键信息，对比图片或选项，选出正确答案。
3.在听录音前，把几个选项的不同词语标出来，作为重点信息来听。
【范例】听录音，找到合适的答案。
Question 1
A.leather
B.feather
C.weather
D.whether
Question 2
A.education
B.events
C.environment
D.encourages
【听力原文】
1.No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out riding the waves.
2.Beijing's successful bid for the 2008 Olympic Games encourages more people to learn English.
【答案】1.C 2. D
（二）听句子，选择恰当的答语
解答此类题时，需要掌握以下技巧。
1.听录音前，仔细观察选项内容，找出它们之间的共同点或不同点，以便听时有所侧重。此类题属于应答题，做这种题要注意句意相连，问答一致，还要注意符合习惯。
2.听录音时，抓住录音中的关键信息，对比选项，选出正确的答案。
3.在听录音前，把几个选项的不同词语标出来，作为重点信息来听。
【范例】听录音，找到合适的答案。
Question 1
A.Good morning, Miss Black.
B.Nice to meet you, too.
C.Fine, thanks. And you?
Question 2
A.Thanks for asking me.
B.Certainly. Here you are.
C.Yes, I'm all right.
【听力原文】
1.Good morning, class.
2.Excuse me. May I use your dictionary?
【答案】1.A 2.B
（三）从下列选项中选出与你所听到的句子意思相同或相近的句子
解答此类题时，需要掌握以下技巧。
1.听录音前，仔细观察选项内容，找出它们之间的共同点或不同点，以便听时有所侧重。此类题考查学生灵活运用语言的能力。要做好这样的题，必须真正听懂句意，以便找出和它们同义的句子。
2.听录音时，抓住录音中的关键信息，对比选项，选出正确的答案。
3.在听录音前，把几个选项的不同词语标出来，作为重点信息来听。
【范例】从下列选项中选出与你所听到的句子意思相同或相近的句子。
A.It's eight. The meeting will begin an hour later.
B.The meeting will begin before eight.
C.The meeting will begin at half past eight.
D.The meeting will begin after nine.
【听力原文】
The meeting maybe begin at nine.
【答案】A
（四）听句子，选择正确的图片
解答此类题时，需要掌握以下技巧。
1.听录音前，仔细观察图片，找出它们之间的共同点或不同点，以便听时有所侧重。解题时一定要快速抓住所听句子的关键信息与图画之间的联系。
2.听录音时，抓住录音中的关键信息，对比图片，选出正确的答案。
二、对话理解
解答此类题时，需要掌握以下技巧。
1.“听短对话选择答案”主要有两方面：一是根据时间、地点、原因和对话内容所涉及的具体数字回答所提的问题；二是根据说话者的意图、观点和态度等对选项答案做出正误判断。
“听对话回答问题”要着重看答语，然后画出关键词，看看问的是什么，然后再听。通常会问到的问题如下。
（1）考具体事实和信息，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、原因、目的、结果等。有时还要对听到的信息做加工处理，如数字运算、时间顺序、比较筛选、同义转换、因果关系等。考查细节的常见提问方式如下。
Where has somebody been?
What time will they meet?
What will the weather be like tomorrow?
Who will be in the sports meeting?
What is wrong with...?
How long will she keep the book?
How far is it from here to the bookshop?
How many people are mentioned in the passage?
How much are all the things?
……
（2）推测谈话背景，判断人物身份。这要求学习者理解对话地点、背景和对话者之间的关系。考查背景的常见提问方式如下。
Who are the two speakers?
What is the relationship between the two speakers?
Which sport will the boy may win?
Where are the two speakers?
Where are they?
Where are they talking?
……
2.听录音时，注意对话者的角色、语音、语调及关键信息词语。要养成边听边记的习惯，可在草稿纸上快速写下对话所涉及的人物、时间、地点以及具体的数据，不能无目的地听，但也不能只顾写而影响听下文。
三、短文理解
解答此类题时，需要掌握以下技巧。
1.听录音前，快速浏览问题和选项。在听短文的录音材料之前，把试卷上所给的问题及选项迅速浏览一遍，熟悉问题及各个选项，以弄清问题问的是什么，初步了解短文的内容要点，以便听录音材料时，做到心中有数。带着问题有目的、有所侧重地去听，就能准确而迅速地捕捉关键信息，从各个所给选项中选出正确答案。
2.听录音时，抓住主题和特定细节。做“短文理解”题只要求考生听懂材料的主要内容，不一定字字句句都能听得清清楚楚。因此，在听录音材料时，应时刻想着 “What does it chiefly deal with？”或“What does he mainly talk about？”这些问题，把注意力集中在听到的“5W+1H”6大要点上，找出主干，抓住中心，并注意听好文章的首句、首段和末句。
在听录音材料时，要做一些简单的记号或标志，把听力材料中的地点、数字、时间、人名和谓语动词等关键信息记下来，这样，学习者可以防止因为过度紧张而忘掉刚刚听明白的内容。等听完整个短文后，再回过头来做题，这对问题的理解和选择答案都会有很大的帮助。
3.听完录音后，要善于根据已知信息的关系，推断各题答案之间是否合理。
4.听短文判断正误，要注意有些句子和原文句子完全相同，听一遍就能做出判断，有些是用同义词改写的原文句子；有的句子与原文结构不同，但意义相同；有些句子中的某个关键词与原文不同，要分析判断；有些是要在听懂整篇短文的基础上才能做出判断的。要密切注意短文首句和末句，首句往往是开门见山，点明短文主题，末句往往是总结语，或与主题呼应。
5.听短文填单词，听写时要注意前后提示。有的被听写的词可能就出现在短文中，这时可快速做一个符号，以便挤出时间听写其他空白处内容。听写完后，还要检查一下，看用词是否有误，并查找大小写、单复数、时态等有无错误。
【范例】听短文，选择正确的答案。
Question 1
Mike got up at about_________one cloudy morning.
A.7:15
B.6:45
C.6:15
D.7:45
Question 2
He put his books into the bag after he________.
A.left the house
B.saw his friend
C.got to school
D.washed his face
Question 3
He left home________.
A.without breakfast
B.after a quick breakfast
C.with his brother
D.with his sister
Question 4
On his way, he met his best friend,________.
A.Jim
B.Tom
C.Bob
D.John
Question 5
Both of them________that morning.
A.went to school late
B.played on their way to school
C.were late for class
D.forgot that they had no class
【听力原文】
It was a cloudy morning. Mike woke up and suddenly found it was already 6:45. “It's very late.” he thought. He got up quickly, jumped out of the bed, washed his face, put his books into the bag, and ran out of the house without breakfast. On his way, he met his best friend Bob. “Bob, we must hurry up, or we'll be late.” he said. Then they ran all the way to school. When they got there, they found that they had no class that day. At that moment they remembered it was Saturday.
【答案】1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D