四、练习答案

Text comprehension

I. Decide which of the following best states the author’s purpose of writing.

答案A。本文的写作目的在于论述良好举止的必要性及其重要意义。

II. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.

1．F.  This is a false statement as it just contradicts what the author means in Paragraph 2 that it matters very much.

2．F.  According to Paragraph 5, it included a recipe for a dish the author liked a lot.

3．T.  Refer to Paragraph 6.

4．T.  Refer to Paragraph 8.

5．F.  This is a false statement as is stated in Paragraph 10 that spouses should be gracious about the routine things they expect each other to do.

III. Answer the following questions.

1．Refer to Paragraph 1 for the four examples.

2．Refer to Paragraph 4. It could not only set an excellent example for your children and grandchildren but it adds priceless panache to your image.

3．Refer to Paragraph 5. That the guest had also included a recipe for a dish the author had complimented her on at an earlier gathering made the author feel all the more appreciative.

4．Refer to Paragraph 7. It is the simple phrase “Excuse me.”

5．Refer to Paragraph 12. It is because to use good manners with our own families counts the most, for those are the people we love the most.

6．The author expresses her sincere expectation of the good manners of all people.

IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.

1．A gracious manner adds the greatest splendor to your image.

2．I firmly believed the note my guest sent me didn’t take long to write.

3．The simple phrase “Excuse me.” made most of your irritation disappear.

4．Being on time is a virtue which belongs not only to the past but also to the present.

5．You shouldn’t accept the other person’s presence without thinking of its importance.

6．Good manners produce the same feelings or actions in others.

Structural analysis of the text

1．The essay is organized chiefly by means of the following methods: （1） the main idea is used as the main framework of the text；（2）the deductive method is  employed in most of the paragraphs；（3） the writer’s personal experiences and some typical examples are made good use of as convincing evidence；（4）some key phrases, each of which stands in a single line, are used as subtitles；（5） the writer’s own viewpoints are well presented.

2．The following paragraphs begin with a topic sentence:

Paragraph 3: In fact, I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret.

Paragraph 4: Take the long lost art of, saying “Thank you.”

Paragraph 5: …saying “Thank you.” does wonders for the person on the receiving end too.

Paragraph 7: Just as powerful as a thank you note is the simple phrase “Excuse me.”

Paragraph 8: Same for holding the door open for others when you see their hands are full.

Paragraph 9: …we shouldn’t forget to use good manners with our own families.

Paragraph 10: Similarly, bringing home the most insignificant little presents for people you cherish will go a long way.

Vocabulary

I. Explain the underlined part（s） in each sentence in your own words.

1．become different from what it should be like

2．displaying gratitude by waving a hand or nodding the head; move out onto the main road

3．be of great significance

4．who receives the thank-you remark

5．produce a far-reaching effect

6．practice good manners

II. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.

III. Choose a word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.

IV. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair and note the difference of meaning between them.

1．To praise someone or something is to express approval for their achievements or qualities；to compliment often applies to praise given insincerely as an empty formality or as a self-interested gesture, as well as to a genuine admiration, and this word often appears in the structure “compliment somebody on something.”

2．Enjoy is to find pleasure and satisfaction in doing something, and often appears in the structure of “enjoy oneself.” meaning “take pleasure in a situation one is in.” Appreciate means “to be thankful or grateful for something,” as well as “to like or value something for its good qualities.”

3．The differences between these two words can be very subtle. While precious emphasizes the fact that something is valuable, rare and important, and should not be wasted, lost or used badly；priceless refers to something that is worth a lot of money, or that cannot be calculated in monetary terms.

4．Notice suggests the taking in, almost by chance, of a small detail that may yet be important to some larger pattern. It can also be used in the imperative as a call to attend to some small detail that might otherwise be over-looked. See is a general word to suggest an accidental or deliberate viewing of all occurrence and it carries few connotations beyond those the contest may give it.

V. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.

VI. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given capitalized word in the bracket.

1．The next-door neighbors are so unfriendly that we have stopped trying to talk to them.

2．Yes, I can speak a little Spanish because I spent some of my boyhood in Spain.

3．The doctor dealt with the hysterical patient with understanding.

4．There’s a reception at the British Embassy tonight.

5．The disappearance of the money from the cash-box shows that somebody in this office is a thief.

6．You must accept the decision of the committee.

7．Tom and Tim are twin brothers. They look exactly alike, different only in height.

8．To relieve the traffic congestion, the government has built several elevated roads in the city.

Grammar

I. Note the construction of comparison following the words and phrases in italics.

In the first five sentences, the comparative forms of adjectives and adverbs indicate difference in degree though the “more…than” structure is not always used. In the last sentence the “as…as” construction is used to show similarity or sameness.

II. Complete the sentences using the “as…as” construction or the comparatives of the adjectives given.

III. Complete the sentences using a comparative form.

IV. Use superlative or comparatives of the adjectives given to complete the sentences.

V. Correct the errors, where found, in the following sentences.

yours.

VI. Make sentences of your own after the sentence given below, using the inverted pattern SCVS （subject complement ＋ verb ＋ subject）.

1．Better became the situation that more people had become to realize the disadvantage.

2．But even worse was the fact that the headmaster had found it out.

Translation

I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1．例如，从我二十多年前最初搬到纽约时，就看到了这种差异：电梯开了，人们匆忙涌向电梯，而不会考虑让里面的人先出来；当别人为他们把着门的时候从来不说谢谢；或者请同事递东西的时候从来不说“请”；当其他驾驶者为他们让道的时候，他们从来不挥下手或点下头以示感谢。

2．你有没有注意到，最仁慈、最慷慨的人会越看越美吗？

3．便条非常可爱，但更可爱的是，客人同时还附上了一道菜的菜谱—那是在先前的一次聚会上，我曾称赞过她的那道菜。

4．午餐准时赴约能体现我们珍视我们即将见到的那个人的时间，就像珍视我们自己的一样。

II. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and phrases given in brackets.

1．I am sorry I am late；1 was at a meeting and couldn’t get away.

2．At the concert whenever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation.

3．As a stylish dresser, she is always wearing stylish clothes, but she seldom cares about what she eats or drinks.

4．The nurse tells me that the doctors have done wonders for your heart disease.

5．When awarding the prize, the chairman complimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind.

6．This problem has bothered the experts for many years.

7．The crowd of demonstrators melted away when the police arrived.

8．Since punctuality is a good habit, we should pay much attention to it and make great efforts to cultivate this good habit.

9．The old man cherishes that girl, as if she were his own daughter.

10．It is just a routine physical checkup, nothing to get worried about.

Exercises for integrated skills

I. Dictation

Mother’s Day is celebrated/on the second Sunday in May. /on this occasion, /Mother usually receives greeting cards and gifts/from her husband and children. /For most mothers, /the rarest and best gift/is a day of rest. /often, /families honor Mother/by taking her out for dinner. /In some households/the husband and children/take over meal preparations/so that Mom Can spend a whole day away from kitchen. /Serving her break—fast in bed/is another family ritual. /Later in the day, /parents may take their children/to visit their grandparents./Flowers are an important part of the day. /Mothers are often given corsages/for the occasion, /particularly if they are elderly./

II. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.

Writing

Fill in the blanks with appropriate coordinating conjunctions.

Listening

TRANSCRIPT

Greetings Around the World

There are many ways to greet people.

Number l: A bow

Man: Around the world, there are many different ways to greet people. Bowing is the traditional way of greeting in Northeast Asian countries like Korea and Japan. In Japan, when you bow, you don’t look directly at the other person’s eyes. But in Korea it’s important to see the other person’s face when you bow. In both countries, people bow to show respect. Traditionally, Japanese bows where the left hand covers the right hand are more polite than when the right hand covers the left. This is because, in the days when people used swords, the right hand was used for fighting. The left hand covering the right symbolizes one’s stopping one’ own stronger hand. Some companies such as airlines still teach their employees to bow in this way.

Number 2: A hug

Woman: When good friends meet in Russia, they often hug each other. This is true for both women and men. Russia isn’t the only place where friends hug. In Brazil, for example, friends also hug each other in greeting. In Brazil, the hug is called all abraco.

Number 3: The salaam

Man: The salaam is a greeting from the Middle East. It is used in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and some other Arab countries. It is most popular with older, more traditional people. To give a salaam, first touch your heart, then your forehead. Then your hand moves up, away from your head. When people use this greeting, they say, “Peace be with you.”

Number 4: The namaste or wai

Woman: People in India and in Thailand use a different kind of greeting. It is called namaste in India. In Thailand, it is called wai. The hands are put high on the chest, and you bow slightly. This hand gesture looks similar to the gesture many cultures use for prayer. It grows out of a cultural tradition of acknowledging the goodness in the person one is greeting. Though it is a way of greeting, it also means “Thank you” and “I’m sorry.”

Number 5: A strong, short handshake

Man: You all know how to shake hands. This is common in many countries. But it isn’t always done the same way. In the United States and Canada, for example, people usually give a strong, short handshake. It’s short but rather firm.

Number 6: A softer, longer handshake

Woman: In many other countries, people also shake hands. But they do it differently from in the U. S. and Canada. In Mexico and in Egypt, for example, many people—especially men—shake hands. Mexican and Egyptian handshakes usually last a little longer. The handshake is softer—not as strong.

Key to listening exercises

B.  1. show respect, look directly at the other person’s eyes, see the other person’s face

2．good friends, men or women

3．older and more traditional, touch your heart, your forehead, moves up, Peace be with you

4．high on the chest, bow slightly, Thank you, I’m sorry

5．strong and short, last a little longer, they are softer

Text II

Key to questions for discussion

1．He worries about the negative effects of violent crime, the ravages of inhumanity, cruelty and intolerance, etc. on our children.

2．Parents and teachers must contend often with disturbing levels of adolescent aggression, profanity, and disrespect.

3．Some parents do not realize their responsibility to teach their children whereas some teachers may be ethical bystanders.

4．They should be polite and tolerant of individual differences.

5．Yes. For instance, a student’s parent told the author that the words his/her child had used did not hurt anybody and that the author was too fault—finding with the child’s vocabulary.

6．The author thinks that students should be taught common values of courtesy, mutual respect, persistence, responsibility, and self-reliance·

7．An educator can be considered successful only when his students graduated not only as successful learners but also as well—behaved citizens.

8．（This is an open question and it is for the students to answer.）