Curse of dimensionality with 1D, 2D, and 3D example

A quick analysis has been done to see how distance 60 random points are expanding with the increase in dimensionality. Initially, random points are drawn for one-dimension:

# 1-Dimension Plot 
>>> import numpy as np 
>>> import pandas as pd 
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
 
>>> one_d_data = np.random.rand(60,1) 
>>> one_d_data_df = pd.DataFrame(one_d_data) 
>>> one_d_data_df.columns = ["1D_Data"] 
>>> one_d_data_df["height"] = 1 
 
>>> plt.figure() 
>>> plt.scatter(one_d_data_df['1D_Data'],one_d_data_df["height"]) 
>>> plt.yticks([]) 
>>> plt.xlabel("1-D points") 
>>> plt.show()

If we observe the following graph, all 60 data points are very nearby in one-dimension:

Here we are repeating the same experiment in a 2D space, by taking 60 random numbers with x and y coordinate space and plotted them visually:

# 2- Dimensions Plot 
>>> two_d_data = np.random.rand(60,2) 
>>> two_d_data_df = pd.DataFrame(two_d_data) 
>>> two_d_data_df.columns = ["x_axis","y_axis"] 
 
>>> plt.figure() 
>>> plt.scatter(two_d_data_df['x_axis'],two_d_data_df["y_axis"]) 
>>> plt.xlabel("x_axis");plt.ylabel("y_axis") 
>>> plt.show()  

By observing the 2D graph we can see that more gaps have been appearing for the same 60 data points:

Finally, 60 data points are drawn for 3D space. We can see a further increase in spaces, which is very apparent. This has proven to us visually by now that with the increase in dimensions, it creates a lot of space, which makes a classifier weak to detect the signal:

# 3- Dimensions Plot 
>>> three_d_data = np.random.rand(60,3) 
>>> three_d_data_df = pd.DataFrame(three_d_data) 
>>> three_d_data_df.columns = ["x_axis","y_axis","z_axis"] 
 
>>> from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D 
>>> fig = plt.figure() 
>>> ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') 
>>> ax.scatter(three_d_data_df['x_axis'],three_d_data_df["y_axis"],three_d_data_df ["z_axis"]) 
>>> plt.show()